History of Computer Networks
The history of computer networks stems from the birth of the concept of computer networks in the 1940s in America which was initiated by a MODEL I computer development project at the Bell laboratory and a Harvard University research group led by professor Howard Aiken. At first the project only wanted to take advantage of a computer device that had to be used together. In order to work on several processes without wasting a lot of free time, a batch process was made, so that several programs could be run on a computer with a queuing rule.
Then in the 1950s when the type of computer began to develop until the creation of a super computer, a computer had to serve several available places (terminals). So for the first time applied form of computer network . In a TSS system, several terminals are connected in series to a computer or other device connected to a computer network (host). In the TSS process, a combination of computer technology and telecommunications technology is beginning to be seen which initially developed independently. The American Department of Defense, the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) decided to conduct research aimed at connecting a number of computers to form an organic network in 1969. This research program became known as the ARPANET. In 1970, more than 10 computers were successfully connected to each other so that they could communicate with each other and form a network. And in 1970 , after the workload increased a lot and the price of large computer equipment began to feel very expensive, the concept of the distribution process began to be used (Distributed Processing). In this process several host computers do a large job in parallel to serve multiple terminals that are connected in series on each host computer. In the distribution process, it is absolutely necessary to have an in-depth integration between computer and telecommunications technology , because in addition to the processes that must be distributed, all host computers are required to serve their terminals in one command from the central computer.
In 1972, Roy Tomlinson managed to complete the electronic mail program (email) that he made a year ago for the ARPANET. The program was so easy to use that it instantly became popular. In the same year, 1972, the at icon (@) was also introduced as an important symbol that shows "at" or "on". In 1973, the ARPANET computer network began to be developed outside the United States. Computer University College in London is the first computer outside America that is a member of the Arpanet network. In the same year, 1973, two computer experts, namely Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn, presented a bigger idea, which became the forerunner of the idea of the International Network (Internet). This idea was presented for the first time at the University of Sussex. The next historic day was March 26 1976, when the Queen of England managed to send an electronic letter from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern. A year later, it was already over 100 computers that joined the ARPANET to form a network or network.
Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin, created the first newsgroups called USENET (User Network) in 1979. In 1981, France Telecom created something new by launching the first television telephone, where people can call each other which is also associated with a video link.
Along with the increasing number of computers that make up the network, a formal protocol is needed that can be recognized and accepted by all networks. For this reason, in 1982 a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or better known as the Internet Protocol (IP) was formed as we know it today. Meanwhile, in Europe appeared a similar network known as the Europe Network (EUNET) which covers the territory of the Netherlands, England, Denmark and Sweden. The EUNET network provides electronic mail services and USENET newsgroups.
In order to standardize addresses on existing computer networks, in 1984 the Domain Naming System or domain name system was introduced , which we now know as DNS. Computers connected to the existing network have more than 1.000 computers. In 1987, the number of computers connected to the network jumped 10-fold to more than 10,000.
Computer networks continued to grow. In 1988, Jarkko Oikarinen, a Finnish national, discovered and introduced Internet Relay Chat, or better known as IRC, which allows two or more computer users to interact directly by sending messages (chat). As a result, a year later the number of interconnected computers jumped 10 times. no less than 100000 computers form a network. The mid- 1990s were the most historic years, when Tim Berners Lee designing an editor and browser program that can explore one computer to another by forming a network. This program is called Waring Wera Wanua or the World Wide Web.
Computers that are interconnected to form a network has exceeded a million computers in 1992. And in the same year the term surfing (exploring) appeared. And in 1994, the sites on the internet had grown to 3000 page addresses, and for the first time shopping via the internet or virtual-shopping or e-retail appeared on the site. In the same year Yahoo! was founded, which is also the birth year of Netscape Navigator 1.0.
