Network and Host portion
IP addresses are hierarchical, where each IP address always consists of pairs network identity (Network ID) and host identity (host ID). All devices are in the same network must have a network portion identity. And The subnet mask can help to identify the network portion and the host portion.
On a host, there are 3 IP addresses that must be registered, namely the IP address unique to the host itself, a subnet mask that identifies the network/host portion, and the default gateway as the IP address on the local router interface.
The subnet mask is compared to the host IP address. Bit 1 in the subnet mask indicates the network portion and bit 0 indicates the host portion.
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