Network and Host portion
IP addresses are hierarchical, where each IP address always consists of a pair of network identities (Network ID) and host identities (host ID). All devices on the same network must have a network portion identity. And the subnet mask can help to identify the network portion and the host portion.
On a host, there are 3 IP addresses that must be registered, namely a unique IP address for the host itself, a subnet mask that identifies the network/host portion, and the default gateway as the IP address on the local router interface.
The subnet mask is compared to the host IP address. Bit 1 in the subnet mask indicates the network portion and bit 0 indicates the host portion.
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